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Almost all human deaths caused by rabies occur in Asia and Africa. There are an estimated 55,000 human deaths annually from rabies worldwide.〔("Rabies" ) World Health Organization (WHO)〕 Dog licensing, euthanasia of stray dogs, muzzling, and other measures contributed to the elimination of rabies from the United Kingdom in the early 20th century. More recently, large-scale vaccination of cats, dogs and ferrets has been successful in combating rabies in many developed countries. Rabies is a zoonotic disease, caused by the rabies virus. The rabies virus, a member of the Lyssavirus genus of the Rhabdoviridae family, survives in a diverse variety of animal reservoirs, including bats, monkeys, raccoons, foxes, skunks, wolves, coyotes, dogs, mongoose, weasels, cats, cattle and other domestic farm animals, groundhogs, bears and other wild carnivores. However, in Asia, parts of America and large parts of Africa, dogs remain the principal host. Mandatory vaccination of animals is less effective in rural areas. Especially in developing countries, pets may not be privately kept and their destruction may be unacceptable. Oral vaccines can be safely distributed in baits, and this has successfully reduced rabies in rural areas of Canada, France and the United States and elsewhere, like in Montreal where baits are successfully used among raccoons in the Mount Royal park area. == Asia == An estimated 31,000 human deaths occur annually from rabies in Asia,〔 including about 20,000 in India, which has the highest rate of human rabies in the world primarily due to stray dogs. Because of a decline in the number of vultures due to acute poisoning by the anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac, animal carcasses that would have been consumed by vultures instead became available for consumption by feral dogs, resulting in a growth of the dog population and thus a larger pool of carriers for the rabies virus. Another reason for the great increase in the number of stray dogs is the 2001 law that forbade the killing of dogs.〔 , Vietnam had the second-highest rate, followed by Thailand; in these countries, the virus is primarily transmitted through canines (feral dogs and other wild canine species). Another source of rabies in Asia is the pet boom. In 2006 China introduced the "one-dog policy" in Beijing to control the problem. The island of Bali in Indonesia has been undergoing a severe outbreak of canine rabies since 2008, that has also killed about 78 humans as of late September 2010.〔(Bali Turns Back to Vaccinations After Culling Fails to Curb Rabies Outbreak ), ''Jakarta Globe'', September 21, 2010. Retrieved 7 October 2010.〕 Unlike predominantly Muslim parts of Indonesia, in Bali many dogs are kept as pets and strays are tolerated in residential areas.〔(Bali suffering rabies epidemic ), ''The Sydney Morning Herald'', August 6, 2010. Retrieved 7 October 2010.〕 Efforts are under way to vaccinate pets and strays, as well as selective culling of some strays,〔 to control the outbreak. As Bali is a popular tourist destination, visitors are advised to consider rabies vaccinations before going there, if they will be touching animals.〔(Rabies in Bali, Indonesia ), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), March 29, 2010, Retrieved 7 October 2010.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Prevalence of rabies」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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